Introduction:

Acid gas injection (AGI) is a critical method for managing and disposing of sour gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and other acidic gases, generated during oil and gas production. This process involves injecting acid gases into deep subsurface reservoirs, where they can be safely stored and prevented from entering the atmosphere. The course provides an in-depth understanding of the technical, environmental, and regulatory aspects of acid gas injection and handling, including reservoir suitability, injection design, operational practices, safety measures, and monitoring techniques. Participants will acquire the knowledge and tools to optimize AGI operations while ensuring safety, regulatory compliance, and effective environmental management.

Course Objectives:

By the end of this training course, participants will be able to:

1. Understand the Fundamentals of Acid Gas Injection:

   • Define acid gas injection and its role in managing sour gas disposal.
   • Recognize the types of acid gases and their characteristics.
   • Assess the environmental and regulatory drivers for acid gas injection.

2. Master the Design and Operational Aspects of Acid Gas Injection:

   • Understand the engineering principles involved in acid gas injection.
   • Learn how to design and implement effective injection systems for various acid gases.
   • Evaluate injection rates, well design, and equipment selection for AGI operations.

3. Assess Reservoir and Well Suitability:

   • Analyze the geological and geomechanical characteristics of potential acid gas injection sites.
   • Evaluate reservoir integrity, pressure management, and potential leakage risks.

4. Implement Monitoring and Safety Systems for AGI:

   • Understand the importance of monitoring for wellbore integrity, pressure, and potential gas migration.
   • Implement safety measures and contingency plans to minimize risks.

5. Comply with Regulatory Requirements and Best Practices:

   • Learn about the regulatory framework governing acid gas injection.
   • Understand environmental concerns and how to mitigate the risks associated with acid gas injection.

Who Should Attend:

This course is designed for professionals working in the oil and gas industry, particularly those involved in sour gas management, injection operations, and environmental compliance. Key participants include:

• Reservoir Engineers
• Production Engineers
• Environmental Engineers
• Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) Managers
• Well Design Engineers
• Operations and Project Managers
• Regulatory and Compliance Specialists

This course is ideal for individuals involved in acid gas injection projects or those looking to specialize in sour gas management and environmental safety.

Course Outline:

Day 1: Introduction to Acid Gas Injection (AGI)

• Morning Session:

  • Overview of Acid Gas Injection
    • Definition and Purpose of Acid Gas Injection
    • Key Drivers: Environmental Impact and Regulatory Compliance
    • Sour Gas Sources and Chemical Composition: CO2, H2S, and Other Acidic Gases
  • Acid Gas Characteristics and Behavior
    • Properties of H2S, CO2, and Mixed Acid Gases
    • Impact of Sour Gas on Equipment and Infrastructure
    • Challenges Associated with Acid Gas Disposal

• Afternoon Session:

  • Environmental and Regulatory Context
    • Regulatory Framework for Acid Gas Injection (US EPA, Canada, International Standards)
    • Storage Requirements and Permitting
    • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Risk Management
  • Introduction to Acid Gas Injection Technology
    • Types of Injection Wells: Vertical, Horizontal, and Injection Well Design
    • Overview of Surface and Subsurface Equipment for AGI

Day 2: Acid Gas Injection Design and Operations

• Morning Session:

  • Acid Gas Injection System Design
    • Equipment Selection: Compressors, Injection Pumps, and Wellhead Systems
    • Injection Line Design and Pressure Control
    • Integration of Surface Facilities with Injection Systems
  • Reservoir Suitability and Injection Design
    • Geological Suitability: Identifying Suitable Reservoirs for Injection
    • Well Integrity and Sealing Mechanisms for Acid Gas Injection
    • Pressure Management: Injection Rates, Reservoir Pressure, and Gas Migration Prevention

• Afternoon Session:

  • Injection Parameters and Rate Calculations
    • Determining Injection Rates Based on Reservoir Properties and Gas Type
    • Modeling Flow and Pressure Profiles
    • Managing Injection Volumes and Reservoir Storage Capacity
  • Managing Injection Failures and Mitigating Risks
    • Potential Risks: Well Blowouts, Gas Migration, and Leakage
    • Techniques for Minimizing Risks and Failure Prevention
  • Practical Exercise: Designing an Acid Gas Injection System for a Given Reservoir

Day 3: Reservoir and Well Suitability for AGI

• Morning Session:

  • Reservoir Characterization for Acid Gas Injection
    • Geomechanical Analysis of Reservoir Rocks
    • Fluid Behavior and Rock Interactions during Acid Gas Injection
    • Pore Pressure and Fracture Risk Assessment
  • Evaluating Well Integrity and Suitability for AGI
    • Casing and Cement Integrity
    • Risk of Corrosion and Mechanical Integrity of Injection Wells

• Afternoon Session:

  • Conducting Feasibility Studies for Acid Gas Injection
    • Performing Reservoir and Well Suitability Assessments
    • Geophysical and Geological Techniques for Site Selection
    • Risk Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation
  • Case Study: Analyzing a Reservoir for Acid Gas Injection Suitability
    • Participants will assess the geological and geomechanical data to determine suitability

Day 4: Monitoring, Safety, and Contingency Plans

• Morning Session:

  • Monitoring Techniques for Acid Gas Injection
    • Monitoring Well Integrity: Pressure, Temperature, and Gas Composition
    • Advanced Sensors and Monitoring Systems for Injection Sites
    • Real-Time Data Acquisition and Remote Monitoring
  • Safety Systems and Emergency Response for Acid Gas Injection
    • Safety Equipment: Blowout Preventers (BOPs), Pressure Relief Systems, and Venting Systems
    • Contingency Plans for Uncontrolled Gas Release and Well Integrity Loss
    • Worker and Environmental Safety Protocols

• Afternoon Session:

  • Early Warning Systems for Gas Migration and Leakage Detection
    • Using Geophysical Techniques to Detect Gas Migration and Reservoir Pressure Changes
    • Monitoring for Fugitive Gas Emissions and Surface Leaks
  • Contingency and Emergency Response Planning
    • Developing Emergency Response Plans for Injection Failures and Gas Releases
    • Stakeholder Engagement and Reporting Procedures
  • Case Study: A Historical Incident in Acid Gas Injection and Lessons Learned
    • Reviewing past incidents and discussing safety measures and best practices

Day 5: Regulatory Compliance, Best Practices, and Future Trends

• Morning Session:

  • Regulatory Compliance and Reporting
    • National and International Regulations for Acid Gas Injection and Storage
    • Compliance with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Regulations
    • Permitting and Ongoing Monitoring Requirements
  • Best Practices in Acid Gas Injection Operations
    • Quality Assurance, Record-Keeping, and Auditing
    • Environmental Stewardship and Community Relations
  • Sustainable Practices in Acid Gas Injection
    • Managing Long-Term Storage and Reducing Environmental Footprint
    • Implementing Climate Change Mitigation Strategies

• Afternoon Session:

  • Emerging Technologies and Future Trends in AGI
    • Developments in Injection Technology: Enhanced Recovery and Storage Techniques
    • The Role of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in Acid Gas Management
  • Course Summary and Key Takeaways
    • Recap of Key Concepts and Practical Solutions
    • Final Q&A and Certification Ceremony