Introduction

This course provides a detailed examination of sour gas treatment technologies, focusing on the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from natural gas. Participants will learn about the chemical processes, equipment, and advanced treatment methods used to safely handle and treat sour gas.

Objectives

• Understand the fundamentals of sour gas and its treatment requirements.
• Learn about the equipment and chemical processes involved in gas sweetening.
• Develop insights into risk management, handling, and safety measures for sour gas.
• Explore advanced sour gas treatment technologies and regulatory compliance.
• Analyze future trends in sour gas treatment, including environmental and safety improvements.

Who Should Attend?

This course is suitable for:

• Process engineers, project managers, and operations staff in gas treatment facilities.
• HSE officers and environmental specialists handling sour gas.
• Regulatory compliance officers in oil and gas.
• Recent graduates in chemical engineering, environmental science, or energy studies.

Course Outline

Day 1: Fundamentals of Sour Gas and Treatment Processes

• Introduction to Sour Gas and Gas Composition
  • Overview of sour gas characteristics, sources, and extraction
  • Health, safety, and environmental risks associated with sour gas
• Overview of Sour Gas Treatment Needs and Regulations
  • Importance of removing H₂S and CO₂ for pipeline, processing, and environmental safety
  • Regulatory standards and compliance requirements for sour gas treatment
• Chemical Properties and Reaction Mechanisms
  • Chemical behavior of H₂S and CO₂ and their impact on treatment processes
  • Overview of reactions used in gas sweetening and contaminant removal

Day 2: Gas Sweetening Technologies and Processes

• Amine-Based Gas Sweetening
  • Fundamentals of amine treating: MEA, DEA, and MDEA solvents
  • Operation and maintenance of amine absorption and regeneration systems
• Physical Solvent Processes
  • Overview of physical solvents: Selexol, Rectisol, and their applications
  • Comparison of physical and chemical solvent processes for sour gas
• Non-Solvent-Based Methods for Sour Gas Treatment
  • Membrane separation, adsorption, and cryogenic processes
  • Advantages and limitations of non-solvent methods

Day 3: Advanced Sour Gas Treatment Technologies

• Sulfur Recovery and Claus Process
  • Fundamentals of the Claus process for sulfur recovery
  • Techniques for converting H₂S into elemental sulfur and reducing emissions
• Tail Gas Treatment and Emissions Control
  • Techniques for handling and reducing tail gas emissions
  • Overview of hydrogenation, SCOT process, and oxidation methods
• Emerging Technologies in Sour Gas Treatment
  • Overview of emerging technologies: bio-desulfurization, hybrid processes
  • Role of advancements in reducing treatment costs and environmental impact

Day 4: Safety, Risk Management, and Environmental Considerations

• Health and Safety Measures for Sour Gas
  • Personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe handling practices for H₂S
  • Emergency response planning, detection systems, and evacuation protocols
• Risk Assessment and Hazard Control
  • Identifying and mitigating risks associated with sour gas treatment
  • Techniques for continuous monitoring and risk assessment in sour gas plants
• Environmental Management and Regulatory Compliance
  • Compliance with environmental standards for H₂S and CO₂ emissions
  • Techniques for reducing greenhouse gases and managing waste

Day 5: Case Studies and Future of Sour Gas Treatment

• Case Studies in Sour Gas Treatment Success
  • Analysis of successful sour gas treatment projects and lessons learned
  • Review of process improvements, cost reduction, and emissions control
• Future of Sour Gas Treatment Technologies
  • Trends in digitalization, automation, and remote monitoring for efficiency
  • Emerging technologies and sustainability trends in sour gas treatment
• Final Project: Comprehensive Sour Gas Treatment Plan
  • Participants develop a treatment plan for a hypothetical sour gas project, including technology selection, safety measures, and environmental compliance
• Preparing for Future Challenges in Sour Gas Treatment
  • Techniques for managing evolving regulatory standards and environmental pressures
  • Role of innovation and sustainability in future sour gas operations